Legislative Frameworks and Infrastructure Accessibility for Students with Physical Disabilities in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia

Agron Beka, & Shukrije Rama

https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.4.1153.1165

Abstract

Physical accessibility for students with disabilities remains a largely overlooked issue in the Balkans. This is particularly true in Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia, where barriers such as ramps, thresholds, stairs, potholes, narrow passages, and other obstacles hinder daily movement. This research aims to assess the state of physical access in higher education institutions in these three countries. It focuses on the specific needs of students with physical disabilities. The study uses a descriptive research methodology. It explores key concepts of human rights and the right to education while reviewing relevant legal frameworks, institutional policies, and documents. Semi-structured interviews with 34 higher education representatives were conducted. Observational methods were also used to evaluate the practical implementation of educational policies on university campuses. The findings reveal significant gaps in infrastructure and support systems for students with disabilities. Higher education institutions in Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia lack essential facilities. These include inadequate physical access to campus buildings, a shortage of specialized staff, limited academic resources like Braille publications, and insufficient accommodations such as accessible transport and reserved parking spaces. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive reforms. These reforms should ensure physical and educational accessibility for students with disabilities at these institutions.

Keywords: Balkans, physical accessibility, disability rights, higher education, inclusive education.